10^th World Summit on Virology, Microbiology & Infectious Disease July 11-12, 2023 Vienna, Austria

Microbiology is the study of all living organisms that are teeny to be visible with the naked eye. This includes bacteria, achaea, viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa and algae, accordingly known as 'microbes'. These microbes play important roles in nutrient cycling, biodegradation/ bio deterioration, climate change, food spoilage, the cause and control of disease, and biotechnology. While some people have fear of microbes due to the association of some microbes with various human diseases, many microbes are also responsible for numerous beneficial processes such as industrial fermentation (e.g. the production of alcohol, vinegar and dairy products), antibiotic production and act as molecular vehicles to transfer DNA to complex organisms such as plants and animals.

• Biotechnology Microbial Systems
• Environmental Health
• Environmental Microbiology
• Medical Laboratory Science

Emerging infections account for at least 12% of all human pathogens. EIDs can be caused by newly identified microbes, including novel species or strains of virus (e.g. Novel Coronaviruses, Ebola viruses, HIV). Some known diseases can also emerge in some areas undergoing ecologic transformation. Others can experience resurgence as a re-emerging infectious disease, like tuberculosis or measles. Nosocomial infections, such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aurous are emerging in hospitals, and are extremely problematic in that they are resistant to many antibiotics of growing concern are adverse synergistic interactions between emerging diseases conditions leading to the development of novel syndics.

• HIV infections
• SARS
• Lyme disease
• Hantavirus
• Dengue fever
• West Nile virus
• Zika virus

Molecular biology includes different biomolecules like amino acids, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, along with their compositions, interactions, structure, and functions in the life processes. Given the rapidly changing and continuously evolving nature of the molecular biology field, we can anticipate that the revolutionary impact of molecular biology in life sciences is only at the beginning and is far from being finished.

• Molecular cloning
• Polymerase chain reaction
• Macromolecule blotting and probing
• Allele-specific oligonucleotide

Vaccination and Immunization have a related meaning in everyday language. This is distinct from inoculation, which uses unsweetened live pathogens. Vaccination efforts came to be met with some reluctance on scientific, ethical, political, medical safety, and religious grounds, although no major religions oppose vaccination, and some consider it an obligation due to the potential to save lives. People may get compensation for alleged injuries under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program. Advance success brought widespread acceptance, and mass vaccination campaigns have greatly reduced the incidence of many diseases in numerous geographic regions. The centres for disease control and prevention list vaccination as one of the ten good public health achievements.

• Vaccine Research & Development
• Human Vaccines - Infectious Diseases & Non-Infectious Diseases
• Cancer and Immunotherapy Vaccines

It is clear from the above brief information that tumor retroviruses have been instrumental in cancer research, for the understanding of carcinogenesis and for the development of molecular biology. The history of tumor virology has recently been reviewed and in addition to retroviruses, the small DNA tumour viruses, including adenoviruses, SV40, polymer viruses have contributed tremendously to cancer research and understanding of carcinogenesis. Human Papilloma Viruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of a number of human tumors, including cervical cancer, which is a major cause of cancer related death in women in many parts of the developing world. The development of HPV induced malignancies requires the activity of two viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7. Together they act to deregulate a large number of cellular control pathways, primarily to create an environment favourable for viral replication, but which can ultimately give rise to malignancy.

Microbial Biotechnology is a well-entrenched branch of biotechnology, which build the application of microorganisms with emerging modern techniques of biotechnology for the evolution of sustainable agriculture. Microbial Biotechnology accord with the manipulation through genetic engineering of living organisms or their components to produce valuable products for various applications. According to the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Microbial Biotechnology can be denied as any technological application that uses microbiological systems, microbial organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for septic use.

Morphology, in biology, the study of the  size, appearance, and structure of animals, plants, and microorganisms and of the relationships of their constituent detail. The term refers to the common condition of biological form and orderly of the parts of a plant or an animal. The analysis also refers to the study of biological structure but commonly suggests study of the details of either gross or microscopic structure. Invention and development of microscopy enable the observation of 3-D cell morphology with both high spatial and temporal resolution. The dynamic processes of these cells morphology which are controlled by a complex system play an important role in varied important biological process, such as immune and in Free morpheme.

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• Lexical morpheme
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Microbiology deals with the study of bacteria, which is known as bacteriology. There are also several specializations within this field such as marine bacteriology, agricultural bacteriology, sanitary bacteriology, industrial bacteriology, systematic bacteriology. Bacteriology is the study of bacteria and their association to medicine. Bacteriology evolved from specialist need to apply the germ theory to test the concerns relating to the decomposition of foods and wines in the 19th century. Diagnose of bacteria being related to diseases led to development in pathogenic bacteriology. Koch's postulates played a role into recognize the relationships between bacteria and specific diseases. Since then, bacteriology has done many successful advances like effective vaccines.

The study of the relationship between genes and enzymes, specifically the role of genes in controlling the steps in biochemical pathways. Biochemical genetics is a consolidation of biochemistry and genetics. Biochemistry deals mostly with the structure and function of cellular components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules, and of their functions and transformations during life processes. Biochemical genetics is focused on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of inborn errors of metabolism, which result in potentially toxic accumulation of substrate or secondary metabolites, and/or inhibition of reaction products. Early-onset metabolic disorders often present during infancy as acute, life-threatening illnesses other forms of inborn errors appear later in childhood .

• Fatty acid oxidation disorders
• Lysosomal storage disorders
• Mitochondrial disorders

The use of immune system constituent or antigens to treat a disease or disorder is known as immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is most common used to treat allergies, autoimmune disorders such as chon’s disease, hashimoto's thyroiditis and rheumatoid arthritis, and certain cancers. Immunotherapy is also often used for patients who are immunosuppressed and people with other immune deficiencies. In this era of precision medicine, our ability to tailor therapies for individual patients, along with biologic agents such as monoclonal antibodies, will revolutionize the management of difficult-to-treat conditions such as severe asthma, hives, eczema, nasal polyps, and food allergy. Allergy and immunology covers the hundreds of immune diseases that affect millions of people.

Pathogenesis is the process by which a disease or disorder develops. It can include factors which contribute not only to the onset of the disease or disorder, but also to its progression and maintenance. Pathogenesis could be expound as a multi-factorial process which depends on several circumstances such as the environment or virulence of the species of microorganism, the number of these microorganisms in the initial disclosure and the immune status of the host.

• Microbial infection
• Inflammation
• Malignancy
• Tissue breakdown

Viruses are only able to propagate by entering a living cell and manipulating the cell’s machinery to create more new viruses. During the viral reproduction process, certain virus’s DNA or RNA affects the host cell’s genes in ways that may cause it to become cancerous. These viruses are known as oncogenic viruses, meaning viruses that maybe cause or give rise to tumours. Indirect viral oncogenic city involves chronic nonspecific inflammation occurring over decades of infection, as is the case for HCV-induced liver cancer. These two mechanisms differ in their biology and epidemiology. Direct tumour viruses must have at least one virus copy in every tumour cell expressing at least one protein or RNA that is causing the cell to become cancerous.

• Epstein - Barr virus (EBV)
• Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
• Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV)
• Human T-cell lymph tropic virus-1 (HTLV-1)
• Human Herpes virus-8 (HHV-8)

Variola virus, the agent of smallpox, has a severely restricted host range but a devastatingly high mortality rate. Although smallpox has been exterminated by a World Health Organization vaccination program, awareness of the evolutionary processes by which human super-pathogens such as variola virus arise is important. Variola virus tended to attack skin cells, causing the characteristic pimples, or macules, associated with the disease. A rash developed on the skin 24 to 48 hours after lesions on the mucous membranes appeared. Typically the macules first appeared on the forehead, then rapidly spread to the whole face, proximal portions of extremities, the trunk, and lastly to distal portions of extremities.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most people who fall sick with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate symptoms and recover without special treatment. However, some will become seriously ill and require medical attention. The virus can spread from an infected person’s mouth or nose in small liquid particles when they cough, sneeze, speak, sing or breathe. These particles range from larger respiratory droplets to smaller aerosols. You can be infected by breathing in the virus if you are near someone who has COVID-19, or by touching a contaminated surface and then your eyes, nose or mouth. The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to be well informed about the disease and how the virus spreads. Protect yourself and others from infection by staying at least 1 metre apart from others, wearing a properly fitted mask, and washing your hands or using an alcohol-based rub frequently. Get vaccinated when it’s your turn and follow local guidance. Weekly New Cases: 3,119,248.

• Alpha Variant
• Beta Variant
• Delta Variant
• Omicron Variant